Occupations ~ Ocupaciones

In the early twentieth century, Mexicans and Mexican Americans were looked upon as convenient or cheap laborers for developing industries such as agriculture, mining, and transportation; and also in service and domestic occupations or in manufacturing. These types of work often led to the development of unskilled laborers who worked in low-paying jobs.

There is no question that Mexican Americans contribute to the development of Arizona through their hard work, their sacrifices, and their efforts to create socio-economic and political changes in their communities. Mexican Americans are proud of their roles as workers: unafraid of hard work under unsafe and difficult conditions or low pay; unafraid of labor exploitation; unafraid of organizing labor unions to protect their rights; and unafraid of attempts to ignore their rights as Americans. These characteristics are very American. Unfortunately, however, Mexican Americans in Arizona are often unrecognized as a valuable resource for their state and country.

Despite this history, Mexican Americans have improved upon their labor skills, obtained higher levels of education, moved away from blue-collar jobs, and have risen to levels of high expectations and status of employment, or have moved to another class as professionals. They have become entrepreneurs, academicians, accomplished performers in the dramatic or performing arts, astute political figures, sports heroes and heroines, literary giants, and labor leaders, to name a few.

A principios del siglo veinte los mexicanos y los mexicano americanos eran vistos como labradores convenientes y baratos para desarrollar industrias tales como la agricultura, minas, o transportación y también para ocupaciones domésticas y de servicio o en fábricas. Estos tipos de trabajo a menudo condujeron al desarrollo de labradores sin habilidades y quienes trabajaban por salarios bajos.

No cabe duda que los mexicano americanos contribuyeron al desarrollo de Arizona a través de su trabajo duro, sus sacrificios, y sus esfuerzos por crear cambios socioeconómicos y políticos en sus comunidades. Los mexicano americanos están orgullosos de sus papeles como trabajadores: sin miedo por el trabajo duro bajo condiciones peligrosas y difíciles; sin miedo por la explotación de labor; sin miedo de organizar uniones laborales para proteger sus derechos; sin miedo de intentos por ignorar sus derechos como americanos en Arizona. Estas características son muy americanas. Desafortunadamente, sin embargo, los mexicano americanos en Arizona frecuentemente no son reconocidos como fuentes valiosas de su estado y país.

A pesar de esta historia, los mexicano americanos han mejorado en sus habilidades de labor, obtenido mayores niveles de educación, dejado sus trabajos de labor dura, y han escalado a niveles de altas expectativas y estados de empleo, o han cambiado a otra clase como profesionales. Se han hecho contratistas, académicos, actores realizados en las artes dramáticas o de actuación, figuras políticas astutas, héroes e heroínas del deporte, gigantes literarios, líderes de labor, mencionando un poco.

Interior view of a commissary owned by Frank A. Delgado in Yuma, Arizona, ca. 1910s.
Interior of commissary owned by Frank A. Delgado / Interior del comisario de Frank A. Delgado
Yuma, Arizona
ca. 1910s
MP SPC 173.559
Ocampo Family Photograph Collection

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Portrait of a baker, undated.
Baker / El Panadero
N.D.
MP SPC 289.150
Where Worlds Meet Collection

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Exterior of Oasis Nightclub in Clifton, Arizona, ca. 1945.
Oasis Nightclub / El Cabaret Oasis
Clifton, Arizona
ca. 1945
MP SPC 186.12.1
Hector Galán: Los Mineros Photographs
Frank Perea Collection

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Mariachi group Alma Jaliciense performing in Phoenix, ca. 1978.
Alma Jaliciense, mariachis
Phoenix, Arizona
ca. 1978
MP SPC 289.38
Where Worlds Meet Collection

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The Strumming Amigos, later known as Los Changuitos Feos.
The Strumming Amigos / Los Changuitos Feos
N.D.
MP MA-20
Mexican American Collection

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Folklorico dancer performing traditional Mexican dance.
Folklore / Folklórico
N.D.
Photographer: Jan Young
MP MA 21
Mexican American Collection

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Eugene R. Quesada, ASU Professor of Art, exhibiting his work, 1972.
Eugene R. Quesada, ASU Professor of Art / Profesor de Arte en ASU
During gallery exhibit of his artwork
1972
MP SPC 173:801
Ocampo Family Photograph Collection

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Women making traditional paper flowers, ca. 1973.
Women making traditional paper flowers / Mujeres elaborando flores tradicionales de papel
ca. 1973
MP MA 76
Mexican American Collection

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Dora Ocampo Quesada, 1st Lt., Army Air Force, Nurse Corps, 1944.
Dora Ocampo Quesada / 1er Teniente del Army Air Force, Cuerpo de Enfermeras
1944
MP SPC 173:621
Ocampo Family Photograph Collection

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Miranda Armeda of the Arizona Ramblers women's softball team, 1947.
Miranda Armeda, Arizona Ramblers / Equipo de Softball de Mujeres
Glendale
1947
SPC 90:A38
William McIntyre Photographs

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Politicians / Políticos

Graciela Olivárez, program director for KIFN and first female disc jockey in Phoenix, ca. 1951.
Graciela Olivárez as program director for KIFN
Graciela Olivárez, directora del programa para KIFN y la primera mujer disc jockey en Phoenix
ca. 1951
MP SPC 293.294
Graciela Gil Olivárez Photograph Collection

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Congressman Ed Pastor with President Ronald Reagan, 1980s.
Congressman Ed Pastor with President Ronald Reagan / Congresista Ed Pastor con el Presidente Ronald Reagan
1980s
ACC#92-0605A
The Ed Pastor Photograph Collection

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Mary Rose Wilcox with Senator Dennis DeConcini, 1991.
Mary Rose Wilcox, Maricopa County Superintendent / Mary Rose Wilcox, Superintendente del Condado de Maricopa
with Senator Dennis DeConcini
1991
MP SPC 283
Mexican American Photograph Collection

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Educators / Educadores

Christine Marín with Congresswoman Lucille Roybal-Allard at the Smithsonian, 1993.
Christine Marín, Archivist, ASU Library
with Congresswoman Lucille Roybal-Allard
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
October 6, 1993
Christine Marín Photograph Collection

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Geneva Duarte with Anjanette Vasquez at ASU Council of Hispanic Women Conference, 1992.
Geneva Duarte, Director, College of Extended Education
and Anjanette Vasquez, student
ASU Council of Hispanic Women Conference
October 15, 1992
Christine Marín Photograph Collection

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Group portrait of Chicana faculty members at Arizona State University, 1993.
Chicana Faculty, Arizona State University / Facultad Chicana, Universidad del Estado de Arizona
Dr. Dula Espinosa (Sociology)
Dr. Cordelia Candelaria (English)
Dr. María Cristina González (Communications)
Dr. Delia Sáenz (Psychology)
Dr. Letticia Galindo (Foreign Languages)
Dr. Laura Rendón (Educational Leadership)
1993
From the collection of M. Cristina González

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