Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel 1914 

 

Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, 1914: 267 (worker). Syntypes examined: 8 workers [MHNG], 2 workers [MACN], 1 worker [MLPA], #204, ARGENTINA, San Luis: Alto Pencoso (C. Bruch leg.). See also Gallardo, 1932: 128, fig. 18; Kusnezov, 1951: figs. 9a, 9b (MACN worker here designated LECTOTYPE).

 

Worker

 

Diagnosis.  Within the P. inermis-group, the character: superior propodeal spines absent or consisting of small denticles or tubercles uniquely characterizes this species.

Measurements - lectotype (n = 12). HL 1.74 (1.59-1.79); HW 1.86 (1.59-1.84); MOD 0.33 (0.30-0.39); OMD 0.37 (0.38-0.50); SL 1.26 (1.16-1.35); PNW 1.21 (1.04-1.19); HFL 1.78 (1.59-1.87); ML 1.85 (1.91-2.18); PW 0.50 (0.39-0.47); PPW 0.61 (0.53-0.63).  Indices: SI 67.74 (66.67-76.10); CI 106.90 (98.18-106.98); OI 17.74 (17.34-22.16); HFI 95.70 (92.13-103.77).

Description.  Head quadrate to slightly wider than long (CI = 98.18– 106.98), widest just posterior to eyes; posterior margin flat to weakly concave in full-face view.  Longitudinal cephalic rugae prominent, wavy to irregular, often moderately rugoreticulate toward posterior margin, in full face view median rugae diverging slightly toward posterior corners of head.  In side view, rugae posterior to eyes converging near vertex; vertex rugose.  Cephalic interrugal spaces strongly granulate, dull.  Anterior margin of clypeus concave; dorsal surface with several subparallel longitudinal rugae.  Mandible with six teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely striate.  MOD ranging from 0.18–0.23x HL.  Eyes in profile situated slightly anterior to middle of head, OMD = 1.10-1.54x MOD.  In full-face view, eyes protruding slightly beyond lateral margins of head.  Antennal scapes moderately long (SI = 66.67-76.10), failing to reach vertex by length of basal funicular segment; entire scape with longitudinal striae.  Psammophore well-developed.

Mesosomal profile strongly convex; all mesosomal surfaces with prominent irregular rugae to rugoreticulate.  Anterior margin of pronotal dorsum with irregular transverse rugae that traverse posteroventrally or become rugoreticulate on pronotal sides; dorsum of mesonotum with irregular longitudinal rugae, rugoreticulate or vermiculate, rugae on mesopleura longitudinal or traversing posterodorsally; dorsum of propodeum with irregular transverse rugae that traverse ventrally or anteroventrally on propodeal sides.  Interrugal spaces on mesosoma weakly to strongly granulate, dull to weakly shining.  Superior propodeal spines absent or consisting of very small denticles or tubercles.  Inferior propodeal spines lacking.  Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate.  Legs moderately to strongly coriarious, weakly shining.

Petiolar penduncle about 0.8x as long as petiole, anteroventral margin often with poorly developed, broadly rounded process.  In side view, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface shorter than posterior surface; apex of node broadly rounded.  In dorsal view, petiole longer than wide, widest near spatulate anterior margin.  Sides and posterior face of petiole with coarse, irregular, transverse rugae or rugoreticulate; interrugal spaces weakly to moderately granulate, weakly shining to shining.  Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest near posterior margin,  narrowing to anterior margin, maximal width about equal to length, moderately to strongly coriarious, dull to weakly shining.  Gaster moderately to strongly coriarious, weakly shining.

Erect whitish to yellowish pilosity moderately abundant on head, variable in length, longest hairs not exceeding MOD.  Moderately abundant suberect to semidecumbent pilosity on scape; abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments.  Legs with moderately abundant suberect to decumbent white setae.  Mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergum with moderately dense erect white setae, often similar in length, longest hairs on mesosoma approaching MOD.  Body tannish-brown to reddish-brown, posterior portion of petiole and postpetiole often darker brown, gaster dark brown to blackish. 

Queen

Diagnosis.  As in worker diagnosis, but with caste-specific morphology of the mesosoma related to wing-bearing, presence of small ocelli on the head, and as illustrated in Fig. x.  This caste is diagnosed by: (1) inferior propodeal spines lacking, (2) in dorsal view, dorsum of postpetiole lacking transverse rugae, or rugae few and incomplete, and (3) body usually bicolored, with gaster noticeably darker than rest of body.

Measurements - (n = 12). HL 1.74-2.02; HW 1.79-2.19; MOD 0.39-0.47; OMD 0.39-0.56; SL 1.23-1.39; PNW 1.28-1.51; HF 1.72-2.06; ML 2.29-2.65; PW 0.48-0.57; PPW 0.68-0.83.  Indices: SI 60.98-73.33; CI 101.60-108.42; OI 18.26-23.50; HFI 86.76-103.52.

Description.  As in worker diagnosis, but with caste-specific morphology of the mesosoma related to wing-bearing, presence of small ocelli on head, and as illustrated in Figure x.  In full face view, head quadrate to wider than long (CI = 101.60-108.42), widest just posterior to eyes, posterior margin flat.  Longitudinal cephalic rugae prominent, wavy to irregular; in full-face view median rugae not diverging toward posterior corners of head, interrugal spaces weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining; vertex rugose, interrugal spaces moderately granulate-punctate, dull to weakly shining.  Mandible with six teeth, dorsal surface coarsely rugose.  Psammophore well-developed.

All mesosomal surfaces with subparallel, regular, wavy, or irregular rugae; interrugal spaces weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining; propodeum unarmed or with very short denticles; inferior propodeal spines absent.  Petiolar peduncle about as long as petiole, anteroventral margin straight or with weak process.  In side view, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface notably shorter than posterior surface, apex of node rounded to weakly angulate.  Posterior surface of petiole with irregular transverse rugae; dorsum of postpetiole with very weak transverse or oblique rugae and/or mostly granulate-punctate; interrugal spaces on posterior surface of petiole and dorsum of postpetiole weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining.  Gastral terga weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining.  Most body surfaces with moderately abundant suberect to erect, medium-length, white to yellowish setae; moderately abundant suberect to erect hairs on first tergum, those on second and third terga restricted to dense band along posterior margin.  Head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole tannish-brown; gaster blackish-brown.  

Male

      Diagnosis.  This caste is diagnosed by: (1) first gastral tergum lacking striae, (2) in full face view, external margin of apical tooth curved inward, (3) dorsum of postpetiole strongly granulate, dull, to occasionally very weakly rugoreticulate-vermiculate, interrugae dull, (4) rugae on head prominent, subparallel, (5) pronotal sides and mesopleura with longitudinal rugae, and (6) interrugae on head, pronotal sides, mesopleura weakly shining to shining.

Measurements - (n = 12). HL 1.42-1.73; HW 1.43-1.70; MOD 0.46-0.59; OMD 0.20-0.31; SL 0.36-0.49; HFL 1.63-1.90; ML 2.30-2.78; PW 0.46-0.63; PPW 0.62-0.83.  Indices: SI 24.16-31.33; CI 92.55-102.11; OI 30.87-38.00; HFI 109.40-127.70.

Description.  Mandibles with three to four teeth on suboblique cutting margin; mandibular dorsum weakly to moderately rugose medially, moderately to strongly coriarious laterally; in full face view, external margin of apical tooth curved inward.  Anterior margin of clypeus broadly and shallowly concave, dorsum with weak longitudinal striae, interrugae strongly granulate, dull to weakly shining.  Antennal scapes with weak longitudinal striae, strongly granulate, dull to weakly shining.  Cephalic rugae prominent, longitudinal to oblique, slightly wavy to irregular, interrugae weakly punctate, weakly shining.

In profile, anterior face of mesonotum meeting pronotal collar at about 45o; juncture between propodeum and propodeal declivity subangulate, superior propodeal spines consisting of a longitudinal crest.  Sides of pronotal collar with irregular longitudinal rugae; mesopleura with weak, wavy to irregular longitudinal rugae, weakly shining to shining.  Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with irregular longitudinal rugae, notauli strongly impressed.  In dorsal view, dorsum of propodeum weakly concave with longitudinal to oblique rugae traversing posteroventrally on sides.  Ventral margin of peduncle with well-developed, elongate, semi-transparent process that is often wrinkled laterally, strongly granulate, dull.  In side view, petiolar node weakly rounded, anterior surface shorter than posterior surface; posterior surface and sides coarsely rugoreticulate-vermiculate, weakly shining.  Postpetiole wider than long, dorsum and sides strongly granulate, occasionally weakly rugoreticulate-vermiculate, dull.  Head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole with moderately abundant, sometimes flexuous yellowish hairs, longest about 0.5x MOD; hairs on dorsum of gaster short, restricted to posterior margins of terga.  Gastral terga weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining.  Head, mesosoma black; mandibles, antennae, legs, peduncle, gaster dark ferruginous orange to brownish-orange (Figure x).

Additional material examined.  ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Monte Hermoso, no date (MLPA); Rt 22 at 36.3 km W Medanos, Jan. 20, 2011 (RAJC); no. loc., no date (MACN). Córdoba: Nono, 2940’, Jan. 17, 2008 (RAJC); 2.6 kn N Nono, Dec. 18, 2006 (CSC); no. loc., no date (MCZ). La Pampa: 8 km S Jct Hwys 151 & 143, 1100’, Dec. 9, 2003 (RAJC); Río Colorado, no date (MACN); 51 km E Río Colorado, Nov. 20, 2005 (CSC); Rt 22 at 90.5 km W Medanos, 320’, Jan. 21, 2011 (RAJC); Rt 251 at 35.8 km S Jct Rt 22, 320’, Jan. 21, 2011 (RAJC). Mendoza: 59 km SE San Martín, Nov. 22, 2005 (CSC); 24 km S Monte Coman, 1640’, Dec. 9, 2003 (RAJC); Hwy 7 at 20 km E La Paz, 1640’, Dec. 12, 2003 (CASC; RAJC); Rt 7 at 5.8 km W Desaguadero, 1530’, Dec. 28, 3005 (RAJC); Rt 7 at 21.7 km E La Dormida, 1740’, Dec. 28, 2005 (RAJC); Rt 7 at 17.8 km E La Dormida, 1670’, Jan. 23, 2008 (RAJC); Rt 7 at 29.8 km E La Dormida, 1610’, Jan. 23, 2008 (RAJC); Rt 7 at Arroyo de las Minas, 4130’, Dec. 29, 2005 (RAJC); Rt 86 at 20 km NE Tupangato, 4510’, Jan. 21, 2008 (RAJC); 61.4 km S Jct Rts 7 & 153, 1910’, Jan. 23, 2008 (RAJC); Cerro de la Gloria, Dec. 3, 1950 (LACM; USNM); no. loc., no date (MZUSP). Río Negro: 35.6 km NW Jct Rts 251 & 2, 360’, Jan. 22, 2011 (RAJC); Rt 251 at 16.6 km N General Conesa, 390’, Jan. 21, 2011 (RAJC). San Luis: Potrero de los Funes, 3030’, Dec. 25, 2005 (RAJC); La Florida, 3310’, Dec. 25, 2005 (RAJC); Rt 7 at Alto Pencoso, 2330’, Dec. 27, 2005 (RAJC); no loc., no date (MACN; MLPA). Questionable locales (appear to be outside geographic range): Catamarca: no loc., no date (MACN; MLPA); Catamarca: El Pucare, no date (LACM).

Etymology.  The specific epithet, inermis (from Latin, inermis = unarmed), refers to this species lacking propodeal spines. 

 

Discussion.  Pogonomyrmex inermis is known to co-occur with P. uruguayensis.  Pogonomyrmex inermis can be distinguished from P. uruguayensis by the absence of superior propodeal spines (reduced to denticles or small tubercles), whereas P. uruguayensis has distinct superior propodeal spines.  Absence of superior propodeal spines distinguishes P. inermis from all congeners in Argentina.

REFERENCES

Forel, A. (1914) Formicides d'Afrique et d'Amérique nouveaux ou peu connus. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 50, 211-288.

Gallardo, A. (1932) Las hormigas de la República Argentina. Subfamilia Mirmicinas, segunda sección Eumyrmicinae, tribu Myrmicini (F. Smith), género Pogonomyrmex Mayr. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural "Bernardino Rivadavia", 37, 89-170.