Symbolic Logic

Objectives:
  • Determine if a sentence or question is a statement or not.
  • Write a sentence that represents the negation of a given statement.
  • Rewrite a statement in symbolic form (defining the symbols used).
  • Rewrite a symbolic statement in word form.



Vocabulary:
  • statement
  • compound statement
  • negation
  • conjunction
  • disjunction (inclusive or)
  • conditional (implication)
  • hypothesis (premise)
  • conclusion
Statement Symbol Read as . . .
negation

conjunction

disjunction

conditional
(implication)





Possible Classroom Examples:

a.
3+5=6
b.
Solve the equation 2x+5=3
c.
x^2+1=0 has no solution.
d.
x^2-1=(x-1)(x+1)
e.
Is square root of 2 a rational number?


  • Write a sentence that represents the negation of the statement.
a.
His car is not new.
b.
Some buildings are earthquakeproof.
c.
All children eat candy.
d. I never cry in a movie theater.
Statement Negation
Some p are q. No p are q.
No p are q. Some p are q.
All p are q. Some p are not q.
Some p are not q. All p are q.
p: The car costs $40,000.
q: The car goes 140 miles per hour.
r: The car is red.
express the following compound statements in symbolic form.
a.
All red cars go 140 mph.
b.
The car is red, goes 140 mph, and does not cost $40,000.
c.
If the car does not cost $40,000, it does not go 140 mph.
d.
The car is red and it does not go 140 mph or cost $40,000.

p: I am an environmentalist.
q: I recycle my aluminum cans.
r: I recycle my newspapers.
express the following in words.
a.
(q or r) implies p
b.
not p implies not (q or r)
c.
(q and r) or not p
d.
(r and not q) implies not p

© 2007 Elizabeth E. K. Jones and the ASU Department of Mathematics and Statistics - All rights reserved.