| Original Resynthesized |
These are the speaker's original phrases; they have only been fed through the resynthesis program in ASL (KayPentax, 1999, 2004). There is a slight loss of clarity, but they were rated as normal speech by a group of listeners. The target phrase is : "amend the slower page." Click here to listen > |
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| Flattened F0 |
The F0 contours of these phrases were flattened to equal the mean F0 of the phrase. The effect was minimal and yielded a slightly robotic sound. Click here to listen > |
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| Equal Vowel Durations |
The durations of all vowels in these phrases were lengthened to equal the longest vowel in the phrase. This was accomplished by duplicating a 10 msec frame at the vowel's midpoint. Click here to listen > |
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| Equal Vowel Quality |
The F1 and F2 values of the vowels in these phrases were replaced with those of a schwa (F1 = 623 Hz and F2 = 1200 Hz, from the averages in Hillenbrand et al., 1995). Click here to listen > |
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| Combined Segmental |
The manipulations for this condition were those that affected the segmental aspects of the phrases - the F0 flattening and the equal duration. Both these manipulations were completed on this set of phrases. Click here to listen > |
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| Combined |
These phrases were subjected to all of the above manipulations - F0 flattening, equal durations, and vowel quality. Although they are severely reduced in quality, listeners were still able to get a number of phrases exactly correct. Click here to listen > |
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| Phrases in noise |
All of the phrases were presented in noise. A custom Matlab program added broadband noise to further decrease the intelligibility of the phrases and increase our chances of observing lexical boundary errors. Click here to play the combined phrase in noise > |
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| Video Samples from Freed (2000) |
Click on the icons to view the videos for: Apraxia of Speech, ataxic, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, and spastic dysarthrias. AoS > |
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Ataxic > |
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Hypokinetic > |
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Hyperkinetic > |
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Spastic > |
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